answers

 so I had watched this video on the Invicta channel and it was interesting it was about the evolution of artillery from catapults and not cannons and ballistas and stuff like that like bows and arrows and crossbows well first of all the Romans and things like that did not have a lot of this kind of stuff with them but for like attacking cities they were used quite a bit but first I must clear something away catapults cannot and will jot take care of a breach they can not make one catapult were mainly used to clear off a part of the wall so they can bring in a battering ram second of all the first evolution was the difference called twisting you can store a LOT more energy in a twisting rope than you can in any other way that is how they used catapults it had that arm the bigger arm swung on that was actually a rope techinically when that thing got twisted and held you twisted it back and incredible speed whith all that powe they where able to fire ball of stone second of all the ballista these where technically giant crossbows that fired monster bolts of wood that did devasting damage this kind of firing mechanism had 2 ropes twisted on eather side thats why old fasioned crossbow had that crank that you cranked to pull back those ropes and twisted them until you pulled the trigger and off whent the bolt to kiill and knock heads off thats what josephus in the siege of jresuam said throwing limbs far and whide